Qwalasela iMac yakho ngeziNdlela zokuQalisa ezifihlakeleyo

Isishwankathelo: KwiMac yangoku enetshiphu efana neM1 okanye iM2, cima iMac uze ucinezele iqhosha lamandla de ubone umyalezo othi iinketho zokuqalisa ziyalayisha. Kwi-Intel Mac, qalisa iMac kwaye ubambe isitshixo esinje ngeShift, Command+R, Option, D, Command+S, T, okanye ezinye izitshixo zokufikelela kwiinketho ezahlukeneyo zokuqalisa.

Unokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqalisa zeMac yakho ukunceda ukulungisa iingxaki ngeMac yakho, sebenzisa izixhobo zokuxilonga, okanye ubuyisele iMacOS ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ufikelela njani kwezi ndlela kuxhomekeke ekubeni unayo Apple Silicon okanye Intel-based Mac.

Qinisekisa ukuba unayo Apple Silicon okanye Intel-based Mac

Ukufikelela kwiinketho zokuqalisa kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweMac onayo. Unokufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi imodeli yeMac onayo kwi-macOS ngokucofa uphawu lwe-Apple kwaye ukhethe "Malunga nale Mac" encotsheni yemenyu eyehlayo.

Imodeli yakho kufuneka idweliswe kunye netshiphu eyinika amandla. IiMacs zangoku ze-Apple Silicon ziya kuba nenombolo efana ne-M1, M2, okanye utshintsho oluthile apho. Ukuba ubona "Intel" idweliswe ngoko une-Intel-based Mac.

Kungenjalo, ukuba uyayazi imodeli yakho yeMac kunye nonyaka wokwenziwa, unokufumana umbono wokuba loluphi uhlobo lwechip onayo. Ukuba une-2020 MacBook Air, 13-inch 2020 MacBook Pro, 2021 14-inch okanye 16-inch MacBook Pro, 2020 Mac mini, 2021 iMac, 2022 Mac Studio, okanye omnye waba matshini benziwe emva kwalo mhla, ke kukho ithuba elihle lokuba une-Apple Silicon chip.

Apple Silicon Mac Iinketho zokuQalisa

I-Apple Silicon ayisebenzisi indlela yemveli yokubamba amaqhosha ngelixa iibhutsi zakho zeMac ukufikelela kwiinketho ezahlukeneyo zokuqhafaza. Kukho iqondo elithile lokucofa iqhosha, kodwa ezininzi iinketho zinokufikelelwa kwimenyu elula endaweni yoko.

Okokuqala, kuya kufuneka uvale iMac yakho phantsi nokuba usebenzisa iApple> Cima phantsi okanye ngokucinezela kwaye ubambe iqhosha lamandla ukusika amandla (yenza oku kuphela ukuba iMac yakho ayiqhubi, ibambekile kwiluphu yesiqalo, okanye wena. 'awukwazi ukuvala ngesiqhelo ngesizathu esithile).

Xa iMac yakho icinyiwe, cofa kwaye ubambe iqhosha lamandla. Qhubeka ubambe iqhosha lamandla kwaye uza kubona umyalezo othi "Qhubeka ubambe iinketho zokuqalisa ..." ke gcina umnwe wakho ubambe phantsi kude kutshintshe. Ekugqibeleni, uya kubona umyalezo okwazisa ukuba ukhetho lokuqalisa luyalayisha kwaye unokuyeka iqhosha lamandla.

Ngoku uza kubona imenyu enayo yonke imiqulu ekhoyo yokuqalisa eboniswayo. Nantsi indlela ohamba ngayo malunga nokuqalisa i-macOS kwi-drive yangaphandle okanye ukuqala enye indlela yokusebenza efana neLinux.

Imowudi eKhuselekileyo yokuQalisa

Ngelixa ukule sikrini, unokuvula iMac yakho kwimowudi ekhuselekileyo. Ukwenza oku, cofa kwivolumu oyikhethileyo (mhlawumbi "i-Macintosh HD"), uze ubambe iqhosha le-Shift. Ngoku nqakraza "Qhubeka kwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo" ukuqalisa ukuqala. Kwimowudi ekhuselekileyo, iMac yakho iya kukhubaza zonke izinto zokuqalisa, jonga ingqibelelo yenkqubo, icime i-cache, layisha kuphela iifonti zesistim, kunye nokunye.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokulungisa iingxaki ze-macOS ngeMowudi eKhuselekileyo.

Imowudi yoBuyiselo ye-macOS

Ecaleni kwemithamo yakho kwiinketho zokuqalisa kukho iqhosha elineleyibhile ethi "Ukhetho". Cofa kuyo, kwaye ikhompyuter yakho iya kuqalisa kwiModi yoBuyiselo. Nje ukuba iMacOS iqale, kuya kufuneka ukhethe umsebenzisi womlawuli kwaye ungene ukuze wenze utshintsho. Nje ukuba wenze njalo uza kubona iinketho ezimbalwa zivela:

  • Buyisela kuMatshini weXesha: Khetha oku ukuze ubuyisele idatha yeMac yakho kwi-backup yeXesha yamva nje. Xhuma idrayivu yakho, khetha olu khetho, kwaye ulinde inkqubo ukuba igqitywe.
  • Faka kwakhona i-macOS: Kuxhomekeke kuguqulelo lwe-macOS, uya kubona ukhetho lokuphinda ufake okanye ufake inkqubo yokusebenza. Oku kuya kukhuphela iifayile ezifunekayo kwi-intanethi.
  • Safari: Khangela iwebhu. I-failsafe entle ukuba nayo ukuba ufuna ukukhangela izisombululo kwingxaki oyilungisayo kwiModi yoBuyiselo. Izandiso zeSafari kunye neeplug-ins zivaliwe.
  • Isixhobo sokuSebenza seDiski: Isixhobo sogcino esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-Apple sikuvumela ukuba ufomethe iidrive, wenze izahlulo, uqhube uNcedo lokuqala, wenze okanye ubuyisele imifanekiso yedisk, nokunye.

Phezulu kwesikrini, uya kubona "uBuyiselo" kwibar yemenyu kunye nemenyu ehlayo ye-Utility. Kwicandelo lezinto eziluncedo zimbalwa izixhobo eziluncedo:

  • Qalisa Usetyenziso loKhuseleko: Guqula umgaqo-nkqubo wokhuseleko wediski yokuqalisa. Sebenzisa oku ukwenza ulwandiso lwekernel yomntu wesithathu kunye nolawulo olukude okanye ulwandiso lwekernel kunye nohlaziyo lwesoftware.
  • Itheminali: Sebenzisa umgca womyalelo we-macOS ukuhlela izinto ozikhethayo, ukhuphele iifayile, kwaye wenze zonke ezinye iindlela zokusebenza.
  • Yabelana ngeDiski: Sebenzisa oku ukwabelana ngemixholo yedrive yakho nenye iMac ngeenjongo zogqithiso lwedatha.

Qhuba i-Apple Diagnostics

I-Apple Diagnostics sisixhobo sokucombulula ingxaki esijonga iMac yakho ngeengxaki. Ungayenza ngokuqalisa kwimenyu yoKhetho lokuQalisa ngokubamba iqhosha lamandla ezantsi ebhuthini, emva koko ucinezele kwaye ubambe uMyalelo+D.

Umlungisi uya kuqhuba kwaye unokukunika ikhowudi yereferensi ukujonga iwebhusayithi ye-Apple ngolwazi olungakumbi. Unokukhetha ukuphinda okuseleyo, uqalise kwakhona, okanye uvale iMac yakho.

Kuthekani ngeNdlela yoMsebenzisi omnye?

Imowudi yomsebenzisi omnye yimowudi kwi-Intel-based Macs elayisha kuphela iinkonzo ezincinci ezingenanto kunye nezandiso kwaye zikulahle phambi komgca womyalelo. Nangona i-Apple Silicon ingenanto ifanayo, unokufikelela kuyo yonke into ngeSimina kwiNdlela yoBuyiselo.

Xa ungena kwi-akhawunti yolawulo kwiNdlela yoBuyiselo yokuQalisa, eyona diski yakho yokuqalisa kufuneka inyuswe. Ukuba akunjalo, qalisa iDisk Utility kwaye ucofe kwivolumu yakho yokuqalisa (mhlawumbi "i-Macintosh HD"). Sebenzisa iqhosha elithi "Mount" kwaye ufake igama eligqithisiweyo ukuba uyacelwa. Ngoku yeka iDiski Utility kwaye ukhethe i-terminal kwi-Utility drop-down menu.

Ngoku ungenza imisebenzi efanayo kwidrayivu yakho yokuqalisa usebenzisa umgca womyalelo njengoko unokwenza kwimowudi endala yomsebenzisi omnye. Uya kufumana idrayivu yakho phantsi kwe "Volumes" directory. Ukucinga ukuba lo mqulu ubhalwe "Macintosh HD" ungafika apho ngokuchwetheza:

cd /

cd Volumes/Macintosh\ HD

Jonga eminye imiyalelo yeterminal yeMac onokuyifumana iluncedo kule modi.

Intel-based Mac yokuQalisa Keys

Kwi-Intel Mac, olu khetho lufikelelwa kusetyenziswa indlela emfutshane yebhodibhodi ekufuneka igcinwe phantsi ngelixa iibhutsi zakho zeMac. Ukuze ezi zisebenze, qiniseka ukuba ucinezela kwaye ubambe isitshixo esifanelekileyo njengeebhutsi zakho zeMac okanye unokuphoswa yifestile. Ukucotha kakhulu? Vele uqalise kwakhona kwaye uzame kwakhona.

Shift: Vula iMac kwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo

Ukuqala ngqo kwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo, cofa kwaye ubambe uShift ngelixa iibhutsi zakho zeMac. Oku kuya kuthintela izinto zokuqalisa ekusebenzeni, sebenzisa isimbo soNcedo lokuQala lokukhangela idisk, cima iicache ezininzi eziquka indawo efihlakeleyo yenkqubo, kwaye unyanzelise ezinye izithintelo njengokukhubaza iifonti zomntu wesithathu nokulayisha kuphela izandiso zekernel ezibalulekileyo.

Ezinye iimodeli ezindala zeMac zinokuqaphela ukuba ezinye izinto ezifana nemizobo ekhawulezileyo, inethiwekhi engenazingcingo, ukwabelana, kunye nokunye aziyi kusebenza ngelixa ukwiMowudi eKhuselekileyo.

Umyalelo+R: Imowudi yokuBuyisa i-macOS yokuQalisa

Ukufikelela kwiMowudi yoBuyiselo, cofa kwaye ubambe uMyalelo+R ngelixa iibhutsi zakho zeMac. Oku kukuvumela ukuba wenze izinto ezinje ngokufaka kwakhona i-macOS, ukufikelela kwiDiski Utility ukuzama ukulungisa naziphi na iidrives, ukwenza imiyalelo usebenzisa iSitena, okanye ukubuyisela kwi-backup yeXesha loMatshini.

Khetha: Khetha ukuba yeyiphi iVolume ozakuyiqala

Ukuba ufuna ukuqalisa kwisahlulelo esahlukileyo okanye ivolumu ngoko ubambe uKhetho ngelixa iibhutsi zakho zeMac ukubona uluhlu lweediski ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo. Oku kubandakanya iidrive ze-USB eziplagwe ngelixa ikhompyuter yakho iqala, izahlulo zeWindows ezenziwe ngeBoot Camp, okanye ufakelo olongezelelweyo lweMacOS olugcinwe kwiidrive zangaphandle.

D: Ingxaki nge-Apple Diagnostics

Qhuba i-Apple Diagnostics ukujonga iMac yakho kwimiba eyaziwayo, emva koko u-cross-reference kuzo zonke iikhowudi zempazamo ozifumanayo nge-Apple Support. Unokusungula kwakhona i-Apple Diagnostics kwi-intanethi ngokubamba iKhetho + D ekuqaleni, eluncedo ukuba awukwazi ukufikelela kwi-intanethi.

Umyalelo+Ukhetho+P+R: Seta kwakhona iNVRAM/PRAM

I-RAM engaguqukiyo (i-NVRAM) okanye i-parameter RAM (i-PRAM) igcina ulwazi ngelixa i-Mac yakho icinyiwe. Oku kubandakanya izinto ezifana nesisombululo sesikrini, esiqhuba ukuqala ukusuka, umthamo, kunye nokunye. Oku kukho kuphela kwiimodeli ezindala ezise-Intel ezisekwe kwi-Mac, ke abasebenzisi be-Apple Silicon abanalo ukhetho lokuseta kwakhona.

Kukho zonke iintlobo zezizathu zokuseta kwakhona i-NVRAM okanye i-PRAM yakho, njengokuba unengxaki yokuqalisa umatshini wakho, ukuqala kwivolumu engalunganga, okanye unemiba engachazwanga. Cinezela kwaye ubambe Command+Option+P+R ngelixa iibhutsi zakho zeMac ukuseta kwakhona.

Umyalelo+S: Imo yoMsebenzisi omnye

Cofa kwaye ubambe uMyalelo+S ngelixa iibhutsi zakho zeMac ukufikelela kwimowudi yomsebenzisi omnye. Kungekudala, uya kubona umgca womyalelo okhawulezayo apho unokufuna ukungqinisisa ngegama lakho lokugqitha. Emva koku, unokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yeSitena.

T: Imo yedisk ekujoliswe kuyo

Ukuba unomsebenzisi we-Intel esekwe kwi-Mac ekujoliswe kuyo kwiMowudi yeDiskhi yokwenza idrayivu yakho ifumaneke kwenye iMac usebenzisa i-USB, i-USB-C, okanye intambo yeThunderbolt. Ukuba enye ikhompyuter ine-macOS 11 okanye kamva, kuya kufuneka usebenzise intambo yeThunderbolt kule nto.

Qalisa kwiMowudi yeDiskhi ekuJoliswe kuyo ngokubamba iT ekuqaliseni kwiMac ofuna ukwabelana ngayo. Kwi-Mac ehambelanayo i-drive kufuneka ibonakale njengevolumu ephakanyisiweyo, ikuvumela ukuba uthumele iifayile ukuya okanye ukusuka kuyo ngokukhululekileyo. Khupha idiski xa ugqibile, njengayo nayiphi na enye idrayivu esuswayo.

Umyalelo+V: Imo yeVerbose

Fumana ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokuba yintoni eyenziwa yi-macOS ekuqaleni usebenzisa imowudi yeverbose, ethatha indawo yopopayi lwesiqalo ngoluhlu lokuskrola lwemiyalelo. Oku kuluncedo kwi-Mac exhonywe kwi-boot ukuze ukwazi (ngethemba) ukubona ukuba yintoni ebangela ingxaki.

N: Ukuqalisa kwi-NetBoot Server

Phambi kwetshiphu ye-T2 kunye ne-Apple Silicon, iikhompyuter ze-Apple zinokuqala i-macOS kwi-network drive. Yaziwa njenge NetBoot, oku kusenokwenzeka ngokubamba u-N kwi-boot.

Iingcebiso ezininzi zokulungisa ingxaki

Abanini beMac esekwe kwi-Intel banokufuna kwakhona ukuzama ukusetha kwakhona isiLawuli soLawulo lweSistim (SMC) ukulungisa iingxaki ezinxulumene nolawulo lwamandla, ukukhanya kwekhibhodi, imiba yokubonisa yangaphandle, kunye nokunye.

Usebenzisa ikhibhodi yeWindows? Izitshixo ezingezizo ezakwa-Apple kufuneka zisebenze kakuhle ukuqalisa ezi ndlela zimfutshane ze-keyboard usebenzisa ukutshintshwa okuqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba:

  • Shift kwi-Mac keyboard yi-Shift yaKhohlo kwi-Windows keyboard.
  • Yala kwikhibhodi ye-Mac isitshixo se-Windows kwi-Windows keyboard.
  • Ukhetho kwikhibhodi ye-Mac yi Alt yasekhohlo kwikhibhodi ye-Windows.

Kukho iingcebiso ezininzi zokucombulula iingxaki zeMac ezingabandakanyi ezi ndlela zokuqalisa. Oku kubandakanya ukulungisa iMac ecothayo, ukufumanisa i-apps ye-Mac ephazamisekileyo, ukusombulula iingxaki apho ii-apps zingafuni ukuqala, ukulungisa i-audio enomsindo kunye nezinye iingxaki zesandi, ukulungisa imakrofoni ye-Mac yakho, kunye nokufumana i-webcam yakho ye-MacBook isebenze.